Atlas Biblica

    Sources

    Every factual claim on this site traces back to a source recorded with the entry it supports. Entries show their citations at the foot of the page.

    Texts and datasets

    Each dataset is used at a pinned version, recorded in the repository and verified by checksum, so an entry can be traced to the exact data it was built from.

    TIPNR, Tyndale House / STEPBible
    Proper names separated into distinct individuals, with every verse each is named in. Public domain. Pinned at commit 079db44.
    TAHOT and TAGNT, Tyndale House / STEPBible
    The Hebrew and Greek text, tagged word by word. Public domain. Pinned at commit 079db44.
    MACULA Hebrew, Clear Bible / Biblica
    Human-annotated syntax over the Westminster Leningrad Codex: syntactic roles, predicate–argument frames, coreference and the SDBH semantic domains, the layers the extraction and audit passes read. The SDBH labels ship inside MACULA under Biblica’s CC BY; the UBS dictionaries that also carry them are CC BY-SA and are not used. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Pinned at commit 47db250.
    MACULA Greek, Clear Bible / Biblica
    The same layers over the Nestle–Aland 1904 Greek New Testament, with Louw–Nida semantic domains (from the UBS MARBLE project, used with permission inside MACULA). Licensed CC BY 4.0. Pinned at commit 8423afe.
    OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding Data, OpenBible.info
    Places: which modern location each biblical place has been identified with, how confident scholarship is in that identification and how that confidence has changed by decade, the kind of feature it is, and which places sit inside which. The bundle’s OSM-derived geometry — 549 of 1,342 records credit OpenStreetMap, which is ODbL share-alike — and its images (~300 copyright, ~800 CC BY-SA or GFDL) are deliberately not fetched. The identifications, confidence scores, feature types and containment are CC BY 4.0 and are the slice this atlas takes. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Pinned at commit 7eb18a5.
    OpenBible.info Bible Cross References, OpenBible.info
    Where else in the Bible readers say a passage is echoed, and how many of them agreed. These are readers’ judgements about relevance, not scholarly ones, and they are used to suggest what to read next — never as evidence for anything an entry states. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Pinned by checksum at the snapshot of August 10, 2026.
    Berean Standard Bible
    The English text quoted on entity pages, in its Strong’s-tagged USJ edition — the text the extractor reads, and the source of the lemma numbers that group a word across verses. Dedicated to the public domain in 2023. Public domain. Pinned at release v5.7.
    Almeida Revista e Corrigida
    The Portuguese scripture text quoted on the /br/ pages, verse by verse. The translation is in the public domain in Brazil — published in 1898, its author died in 1873 — and the repository packaging it claims no licence over the text; only the text is read here. It is quoted rather than translated: the two editions are addressed by the same reference and neither is a translation of the other. Public domain. Pinned at commit a41119f.
    Natural Earth
    The land, the coastline and a handful of named rivers and lakes that the maps are drawn on. In the public domain, which needs no attribution — the credit here is a courtesy. Three of its layers are used and no other: nothing carrying a border, a road, a railway or a modern settlement is downloaded at all. Public domain. Pinned at commit f1890d9.

    Where a page shows a modern location for an ancient place, it shows what the sources record and how strongly — including the alternatives, where scholars disagree. An identification is not something the text states, and is never presented as though it were.

    A map is an illustration of where, never a reconstruction of then. The coastline is a modern one, simplified far past what a map of this size can show, and the period beneath a map names one of nine ordered eras rather than dating it — the source supports no year, so none is given. A point is drawn where a claim in this atlas puts an entity and never where tradition does, and no line joins two points: the rows state where something happened, not the order it was travelled in.

    Reusing this site’s own work

    The illustrations drawn for this atlas are licensedCC BY 4.0: reuse them anywhere, including commercially, with credit to Atlas Biblica and a link back to the entry they illustrate. That is the same licence most of the data above arrives under, and it is stated here because the illustrations travel — they are syndicated to other platforms, where the licence line on the image is the only place a reader can read it.

    Each one is an illustration and not a portrait. Nothing carries a face between drawings, so the same subject drawn twice does not match, and no figure in any of them is offered as a likeness of anyone. The scene is the chapter’s; how it looks is invention.

    The datasets above keep their own licences and their own attribution requirements, which the entries beside them state. Nothing here relicenses them.

    Limitations

    Names, dates and relationships in ancient sources are frequently disputed, and different traditions order and number books differently. Where sources disagree, entries aim to note the disagreement rather than silently pick a side.