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    Exodus · 51 verses

    Exodus 12

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    Pharaoh’s land has become one unbroken house of mourning, and yet his midnight message ends with a small, startling request: “And bless me also.”

    A meal eaten on the brink of departurevv. 1–28

    The LORD gives Moses and Aaron a feast with the peculiar air of an evacuation order. A lamb is chosen, kept, slaughtered at twilight, marked in blood upon the doorframe, and eaten roasted, with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. Nothing is to linger until morning—not the meat, not the moment. The diners are dressed for travel, sandals on, staff in hand, and required to eat in haste. Moses passes the instructions to the elders, who pass them into the houses; when the people hear what the blood signifies, they bow down and worship, then do exactly as commanded.

    Midnight, and the order to govv. 29–42

    At midnight the firstborn are struck down, from Pharaoh’s own firstborn to the firstborn of the prisoner and the livestock. Egypt wakes to loud wailing, with no house untouched by death. Pharaoh summons Moses and Aaron by night and orders the Israelites out, permits the flocks and herds to go too, and then—rather wonderfully, given the circumstances—asks for a blessing. The Egyptians urge the departure with a fear of their own, while the Israelites leave carrying unleavened dough and asking for silver, gold, and clothing. The journey begins at Rameses and reaches Succoth, accompanied by livestock and a mixed multitude; the dough, having had no time to rise, becomes unleavened loaves. A vigil has been kept, and the night itself is made into a vigil for generations.

    The feast acquires its boundariesvv. 43–51

    The Passover is now given its household rules. A foreigner may not eat it, while a purchased slave may do so after circumcision; a temporary resident and hired hand may not. The meal stays inside one house, none of its meat goes outside, and no bone is broken. Yet the boundary is not simply closed: a foreigner residing among Israel may celebrate if every male in the household is circumcised, becoming like a native of the land. The same law is declared for native and resident foreigner alike. Israel does what Moses and Aaron were commanded, and on that very day the LORD brings the people out of Egypt by their divisions.

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    Berean Standard Bible, public domain. Names the Hebrew and Greek put in the verse link to the person, place or people they name; the address beside each verse is a link to that verse, which is what a reader copies and shares.

    1. Exod 12:1Now the LORD said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,

    2. Exod 12:2“This month is the beginning of months for you; it shall be the first month of your year.

    3. Exod 12:3Tell the whole congregation of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man must select a lamb for his family, one per household.

    4. Exod 12:4If the household is too small for a whole lamb, they are to share with the nearest neighbor based on the number of people, and apportion the lamb accordingly.

    5. Exod 12:5Your lamb must be an unblemished year-old male, and you may take it from the sheep or the goats.

    6. Exod 12:6You must keep it until the fourteenth day of the month, when the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel will slaughter the animals at twilight.

    7. Exod 12:7They are to take some of the blood and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs.

    8. Exod 12:8They are to eat the meat that night, roasted over the fire, along with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.

    9. Exod 12:9Do not eat any of the meat raw or cooked in boiling water, but only roasted over the fire—its head and legs and inner parts.

    10. Exod 12:10Do not leave any of it until morning; before the morning you must burn up any part that is left over.

    11. Exod 12:11This is how you are to eat it: You must be fully dressed for travel, with your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. You are to eat in haste; it is the LORD’s Passover.

    12. Exod 12:12On that night I will pass through the land of Egypt and strike down every firstborn male, both man and beast, and I will execute judgment against all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD.

    13. Exod 12:13The blood on the houses where you are staying will be a sign; when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No plague will fall on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.

    14. Exod 12:14And this day will be a memorial for you, and you are to celebrate it as a feast to the LORD, as a permanent statute for the generations to come.

    15. Exod 12:15For seven days you must eat unleavened bread. On the first day you are to remove the leaven from your houses. Whoever eats anything leavened from the first day through the seventh must be cut off from Israel.

    16. Exod 12:16On the first day you are to hold a sacred assembly, and another on the seventh day. You must not do any work on those days, except to prepare the meals—that is all you may do.

    17. Exod 12:17So you are to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this very day I brought your divisions out of the land of Egypt. You must keep this day as a permanent statute for the generations to come.

    18. Exod 12:18In the first month you are to eat unleavened bread, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day.

    19. Exod 12:19For seven days there must be no leaven found in your houses. If anyone eats something leavened, that person, whether a foreigner or native of the land, must be cut off from the congregation of Israel.

    20. Exod 12:20You are not to eat anything leavened; eat unleavened bread in all your homes.”

    21. Exod 12:21Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and told them, “Go at once and select for yourselves a lamb for each family, and slaughter the Passover lamb.

    22. Exod 12:22Take a cluster of hyssop, dip it into the blood in the basin, and brush the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe. None of you shall go out the door of his house until morning.

    23. Exod 12:23When the LORD passes through to strike down the Egyptians, He will see the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over that doorway; so He will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses and strike you down.

    24. Exod 12:24And you are to keep this command as a permanent statute for you and your descendants.

    25. Exod 12:25When you enter the land that the LORD will give you as He promised, you are to keep this service.

    26. Exod 12:26When your children ask you, ‘What does this service mean to you?’

    27. Exod 12:27you are to reply, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice to the LORD, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt when He struck down the Egyptians and spared our homes.’” Then the people bowed down and worshiped.

    28. Exod 12:28And the Israelites went and did just what the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron.

    29. Exod 12:29Now at midnight the LORD struck down every firstborn male in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on his throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner in the dungeon, as well as all the firstborn among the livestock.

    30. Exod 12:30During the night Pharaoh got up—he and all his officials and all the Egyptians—and there was loud wailing in Egypt; for there was no house without someone dead.

    31. Exod 12:31Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron by night and said, “Get up, leave my people, both you and the Israelites! Go, worship the LORD as you have requested.

    32. Exod 12:32Take your flocks and herds as well, just as you have said, and depart! And bless me also.”

    33. Exod 12:33And in order to send them out of the land quickly, the Egyptians urged the people on. “For otherwise,” they said, “we are all going to die!”

    34. Exod 12:34So the people took their dough before it was leavened, carrying it on their shoulders in kneading bowls wrapped in clothing.

    35. Exod 12:35Furthermore, the Israelites acted on Moses’ word and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold, and for clothing.

    36. Exod 12:36And the LORD gave the people such favor in the sight of the Egyptians that they granted their request. In this way they plundered the Egyptians.

    37. Exod 12:37The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth with about 600,000 men on foot, besides women and children.

    38. Exod 12:38And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with great droves of livestock, both flocks and herds.

    39. Exod 12:39Since their dough had no leaven, the people baked what they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves. For when they had been driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves.

    40. Exod 12:40Now the duration of the Israelites’ stay in Egypt was 430 years.

    41. Exod 12:41At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all the LORD’s divisions went out of the land of Egypt.

    42. Exod 12:42Because the LORD kept a vigil that night to bring them out of the land of Egypt, this same night is to be a vigil to the LORD, to be observed by all the Israelites for the generations to come.

    43. Exod 12:43And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: No foreigner is to eat of it.

    44. Exod 12:44But any slave who has been purchased may eat of it, after you have circumcised him.

    45. Exod 12:45A temporary resident or hired hand shall not eat the Passover.

    46. Exod 12:46It must be eaten inside one house. You are not to take any of the meat outside the house, and you may not break any of the bones.

    47. Exod 12:47The whole congregation of Israel must celebrate it.

    48. Exod 12:48If a foreigner resides with you and wants to celebrate the LORD’s Passover, all the males in the household must be circumcised; then he may come near to celebrate it, and he shall be like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised man may eat of it.

    49. Exod 12:49The same law shall apply to both the native and the foreigner who resides among you.”

    50. Exod 12:50Then all the Israelites did this—they did just as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron.

    51. Exod 12:51And on that very day the LORD brought the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by their divisions.

    01 — Also here

    Who else the chapter reaches

    Names written in the English are linked in the text above. These are the ones that are not: an entity the Hebrew or Greek names under a spelling the translation does not use, or one reached only by an assertion about a verse of this chapter.

    Named in the Hebrew or Greek somewhere in this chapter, under a form the English renders differently — the registry's Ludim against the translation's Ludites — so there is no word in the sentence to hang the link on.

    Reached by an assertion Atlas extracted from a verse of this chapter rather than by a name written in it — a pronoun, a title, or a participant the sentence carries without naming. This layer is model-read and measured at 88.6–90.3% precision, and it is kept separate from the names above for that reason.

    02 — Read alongside

    Where this is echoed

    Readers' own connections, from OpenBible's crowd-voted cross-references — agreement about relevance, and not scholarly confidence. 424 passages were voted onto 48 verses of this chapter; the 16 shown lead on votes, and each is listed at the verse it was voted onto most strongly.

    • 13Hebrews 11:28By faith he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of blood, so that the destroyer of the firstborn would not touch Israel’s own firstborn.
    • 13Exodus 12:23When the LORD passes through to strike down the Egyptians, He will see the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over that doorway; so He will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses and strike you down.
    • 131 John 1:7But if we walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus His Son cleanses us from all sin.
    • 12Numbers 33:4who were burying all their firstborn, whom the LORD had struck down among them; for the LORD had executed judgment against their gods.
    • 2Exodus 13:4Today, in the month of Abib, you are leaving.
    • 23Revelation 7:3“Do not harm the land or sea or trees until we have placed a seal on the foreheads of the servants of our God.”
    • 142 Kings 23:21The king commanded all the people, “Keep the Passover of the LORD your God, as it is written in this Book of the Covenant.”
    • 23Revelation 9:4They were told not to harm the grass of the earth or any plant or tree, but only those who did not have the seal of God on their foreheads.
    • 2Deuteronomy 16:1Observe the month of Abib and celebrate the Passover to the LORD your God, because in the month of Abib the LORD your God brought you out of Egypt by night.
    • 5Hebrews 9:13–14For if the blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that their bodies are clean,
    • 13Genesis 17:11You are to circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and this will be a sign of the covenant between Me and you.
    • 13Joshua 2:12Now therefore, please swear to me by the LORD that you will indeed show kindness to my family, because I showed kindness to you. Give me a sure sign
    • 29Psalms 78:51He struck all the firstborn of Egypt, the virility in the tents of Ham.
    • 35Exodus 3:21–22And I will grant this people such favor in the sight of the Egyptians that when you leave, you will not go away empty-handed.
    • 38Numbers 11:4Meanwhile, the rabble among them had a strong craving for other food, and again the Israelites wept and said, “Who will feed us meat?
    • 5Malachi 1:14“But cursed is the deceiver who has an acceptable male in his flock and vows to give it, but sacrifices a defective animal to the Lord. For I am a great King,” says the LORD of Hosts, “and My name is to be feared among the nations.’’

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